Research areas

The learner answers questions and completes activities. Their responses provide evidence about what they know.

• Knowledge Prediction
• The N+1 approach

A record of answers and learning activities. The models use this history to update estimates and choose the next task.

• Knowledge tracing
• Student models and adaptive education

Books, videos and other content contain learning concepts. Identifying those concepts connects materials to a learner’s needs.

• Concept extraction
• Applications of the Concept Extractor

Identifies the learning concepts in content and student answers: word meanings, expressions, skills and misconceptions.

• Concept extraction research
• How we build a concept extractor
• SenseBench
• Glite LENS

The units the system recognises and teaches. For English, these include individual word meanings and expressions.

• Glite Dictionary
• Knowledge graphs

The Knowledge Prediction model combines concepts with a learner’s history to estimate what that learner already knows.

• Knowledge Prediction research
• The N+1 approach
• Vocabulary difficulty

Estimates between zero and one express uncertainty about a learner’s knowledge of each concept. They can change as new evidence arrives.

• Knowledge tracing
• Difficulty and individual knowledge

Selects the next concept and activity using learning history, knowledge estimates and the available tasks.

• Reinforcement learning in education
• Tutoring as a reinforcement learning task
• Educational evidence

Organises the concepts that can be taught. Depending on the domain, it may include explicit relationships or a collection of concepts without them.

• Knowledge graph research
• Glite Dictionary
• Sense and idiom frequencies

Pairs a learning concept with an activity. The learner’s response becomes part of the history for the next decision.

• The N+1 approach
• Teaching as sequential decisions

The available learning activities: different ways to practise, explain or assess a concept.

• The N+1 approach
• Evaluating educational interventions